Can Supervised Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Through Gametherapy Relieve Urinary Incontinence Symptoms in Climacteric Women? A Feasibility Study / O treinamento por meio de gameterapia pode aliviar os sintomas de incontinência urinária em mulheres climatéricas? Um estudo de viabilidade

Abstract Objective To investigate the feasibility of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) through gametherapy for relieving urinary symptoms of climacteric women with stress ormixed urinary incontinence (UI). Methods Randomized clinical trial, divided into two groups: Gametherapy (G_Game) and Control (G_Control). Both groups received recommendations about unsupervised PFMT, and G_Game also received supervised PFMT through gametherapy. After 5 consecutive weeks, the feasibility was investigated considering participant adherence, urinary symptoms (evaluated by the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form [ICIQ-UI-SF] questionnaire), and pelvic floor function (PERFECT Scheme: power, endurance, repetition and fast). The Fisher exact, Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon sign paired, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used by intention-to-treat analysis, using STATA 15.1 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA) software. Results The present study included 20 women per group and observed a higher adherence in G_Game. In the intragroup analysis, a decrease in the ICIQ-UI-SF score was observed in both groups (14.0 to 10.0; 13.5 to 0), associated with increased endurance (2.5 to 3.5; 2.5 to 4.0) in G_Control and G_Game, respectively. Moreover, there was a concomitant increase in pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) power (2.0 to 3.0), repetition (3.0 to 5.0), and fast (10.0 to 10.0) in G_Game. In the intergroup analysis, a reduction of UI was observed (p<0.001; r=0.8), as well an increase in PFM power (p=0.027, r=0.2) and endurance (p=0.033; r=0.3) in G_Game. Conclusion The feasibility of supervised PFMT through gametherapy was identified by observing participant adherence, relief of urinary symptoms, and improvement in PFM function.

Resumo Objetivo Investigar a viabilidade do treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico (TMAP) por meio de gameterapia no alívio de sintomas urinários em mulheres climatéricas com incontinência urinária (IU) de esforço ou mista. Métodos Ensaio clínico randomizado, dividido em dois grupos: Gameterapia (G_Game) e Controle (G_Controle). Ambos os grupos receberam recomendações sobre TMAP não supervisionado, e G_Gametambém recebeu TMAP supervisionado por meio de gameterapia. Após 5 semanas consecutivas, a viabilidade foi investigada considerando a aderência das participantes, sintomas urinários (avaliados pelo questionário International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form [ICIQ-UI-SF]) e função do assoalho pélvico (esquema PERFECT: power, endurance, repetition, fast). Os testes exatos de Fisher, Kruskal-Wallis, sinal de Wilcoxon pareado e Mann-Whitney U foram usados pela análise de intenção de tratar, usando o software STATA 15.1 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, EUA). Resultados O presente estudo incluiu 20 mulheres por grupo e observou uma maior adesão no G_Game. Na análise intragrupo, foi observada diminuição no escore do ICIQUI- SF emambos os grupos (de 14,0 para 10,0; de 13,5 para 0), associada ao aumento da resistência (de 2,5 para 3,5; de 2,5 para 4,0) em G_Control e G_Game, respectivamente. Além disso, houve um aumento concomitante no power (de 2,0 para 3,0), repetition (de 3,0 para 5,0) e fast (de 10,0 para 10,0) dosmúsculos do assoalho pélvico (MAPs) no G_Game. Na análise intergrupos, foi observada redução da IU (p<0,001; r=0,8), assim como do power (p=0,027; r=0,2) e da endurance (p=0,033; r=0,3) dos MAPs no G_Game. Conclusão A viabilidade do TMAP supervisionado por meio de gameterapia foi identificada pela observação da aderência das participantes, pelo alívio dos sintomas urinários e pela melhora da função dos MAPs.

Pelvic floor muscle training program for women in the puerperal period: clinical progress after intervention

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sexual function of women in the puerperal period after a postpartum pelvic floor musculature training program. We also sought to evaluate correlations between sexual dysfunction in the women and their delivery type and compare the frequency of sexual dysfunction and the quality of resumed sexual function following vaginal and cesarean deliveries. METHODS: This clinical study included an intervention, carried out between July and December 2019, in which data were collected about 28 rooming-in women at a Maternity School. Data were divided into vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery. Sexual function was evaluated by the Female Sexual Function Index and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form to assess the Incontinence Urinary and qualifies urinary loss. The intervention consisted of a muscle training exercise program. ANOVA tests were used to establish differences between groups. RESULTS: There was an improvement in all outcomes, but there was no time versus group interaction. Improvement in sexual function was observed (p<0.001), the impact of urinary incontinence on quality of life (p<0.001), and pressure of the muscles of pelvic floor muscles (p<0.001) over time. There was no time versus group interaction for sexual function (p=0.87), the impact of urinary incontinence on quality of life (p=0.88), and pressure of the pelvic floor muscles (p=0.66). CONCLUSIONS: Pelvic floor muscle exercise programs seem to be a very promising strategy concerning improving sexual activity among puerperal patients.

Effects of water pilates on urinary loss, genital self-image and sexual function of elderly women

Descriptive, quasi experimental study with pre and post-test, which aimed to investigate the effects of Water Pilates (PA) on urinary incontinence, genital self-image and sexual function of elderly women. The sample consisted of seventeen elderly women aged 60 years or over, from a city in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul. The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire -Short Form (ICIQ-SF) was used as instruments to assess the impact of UI in quality of life and qualify urinary loss, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) to assess sexual function and Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS) to assess women's perception of their own genitalia. The PA protocol was performed twice a week for 50 minutes performed for eight weeks, totaling 16 sessions. The protocol was divided into warm-up, strengthening exercises and stretching. It was observed that the sample was composed ofyoung elderly women (69.5 ± 5.9 years), overweight and with low FSFI and FGSIS scores. There was no significant change in the mean values before and after the intervention of the ICIQ-SF, FGSIS and FSFI scores. It was concluded that the PA method had no effect on urinary loss, sexual function and genital self-image.

Transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation versus parasacral stimulation in the treatment of overactive bladder in elderly people: a triple-blinded randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) and transcutaneous parasacral stimulation on the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) in elderly people and to compare the final results between groups. METHODS: Fifty female volunteers, mean age 68.62 (±5.9) years, were randomly allocated into two groups: those receiving TTNS (G1, N=25) and those receiving transcutaneous parasacral stimulation (G2, N=25). The primary outcome was the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ-OAB) score, and secondary outcomes were the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - short form (ICIQ-SF) score and 3-day bladder diary measurements. Volunteers were assessed before and after the treatment. Clinical Trials (ReBeC): RBR-9Q7J7Y. RESULTS: Both groups' symptoms improved as measured by the ICIQ-OAB (G1 = <0.001; G2 = <0.001) and ICIQ-SF (G1 = <0.001; G2 = <0.001). In the 3-day bladder diary assessments after treatment, G1 showed a reduced number of nocturia (p<0.001), urgency (p<0.001) and urge urinary incontinence episodes (p<0.001), whereas G2 showed only a reduced number of nocturia episodes (p<0.001). No difference between groups was found. CONCLUSION: Both of the proposed treatments were effective in the improvement of OAB symptoms, but TTNS showed a reduction in a greater number of symptoms as measured by the 3-day bladder diary. No differences were found between groups.

Comparação entre oxibutinina, eletroestimulação do nervo tibial posterior e exercícios perineais no tratamento da síndrome da bexiga hiperativa / Comparación entre oxibutinina, electroestimulación del nervio tibial posterior y ejercicios perineales en el tratamiento del síndrome de la vejiga hiperactiva / Comparison of oxybutynin, electrostimulation of the posterior tibial nerve and perineal exercises in the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia dos exercícios perineais, da eletroestimulação transcutânea do nervo tibial posterior (ETNTP) e da oxibutinina em mulheres com síndrome da bexiga hiperativa, que é a segunda causa mais comum de incontinência urinária, com sintomas urinários extremamente incômodos que prejudicam a qualidade de vida. Foram randomizadas 65 mulheres, das quais 57 completaram o tratamento. Formaram-se três grupos: o de exercícios perineais, ETNTP e o grupo controle, que utilizou oxibutinina. Os exercícios foram realizados em grupo, nas posições em pé, supino e sentado, duas vezes por semana, com duração de 30 minutos cada sessão, totalizando 12 sessões. Na ETNTP utilizou-se eletrodo transcutâneo posicionado em maléolo medial e outro 10cm acima, com frequência de 10Hz e largura de pulso de 200 microssegundos, por 30 minutos, duas vezes por semana, totalizando 12 sessões. Na medicação as pacientes receberam oxibutinina de 10mg/dia de liberação imediata divididos e duas doses de 5mg/dia, durante 12 semanas consecutivas. Antes e depois dos tratamentos, as pacientes passaram por uma avaliação composta pela análise do diário miccional, avaliação funcional do assoalho pélvico e aplicação de questionário de qualidade de vida OAB-V8. Houve redução da incontinência de urgência em 50%, 70,5% e 41% nos grupos de exercício, ETNTP e oxibutinina, respectivamente, com significância estatística somente da eletroestimulação. As três modalidades de tratamento foram eficazes na melhora da qualidade de vida para a terapêutica em curto prazo, estatisticamente semelhantes entre si.

RESUMEN Se evaluó la eficacia de los ejercicios perineales, de la electroestimulación transcutánea del nervio tibial posterior (ETNTP) y de la oxibutinina en mujeres con síndrome de la vejiga hiperactiva, la segunda causa más común de incontinencia urinaria, con síntomas muy incómodos, que perjudican la calidad de vida. Sesenta y cinco mujeres, de las cuales 57 completaron el tratamiento, formaron tres grupos: el de ejercicios perineales, ETNTP y el grupo de control, que utilizó oxibutinina. Los ejercicios se realizaron en grupo, en las posiciones en pie, supino y sentado, dos veces por semana, con duración de 30 minutos cada sesión, totalizando 12 sesiones. En la ETNTP se utilizó electrodo transcutáneo posicionado en el maléolo medial y otro 10 cm arriba, con frecuencia de 10Hz y ancho de pulso de 200 microsegundos, por 30 minutos, dos veces por semana, totalizando 12 sesiones. En la medicación las pacientes recibieron oxibutinina de 10 mg/día de liberación inmediata, divididos en dos dosis de 5mg/día, durante 12 semanas consecutivas. Antes y después de los tratamientos, las pacientes pasaron por una evaluación compuesta por el análisis del diario miccional, la evaluación funcional del piso pélvico y la aplicación del cuestionario de calidad de vida OAB-V8. Se observó una reducción de la incontinencia de urgencia en un 50%, 70,5% y 41% en los grupos de ejercicio, ETNTP y oxibutinina, respectivamente, con significancia estadística solamente de la electroestimulación. Las tres modalidades de tratamiento fueron eficaces en la mejora de la calidad de vida para la terapéutica a corto plazo y estadísticamente similares.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of perineal exercises, transcutaneous electrostimulation of the posterior tibial nerve (TPTNS) and oxybutynin in women with overactive bladder syndrome, which is the second most common cause of urinary incontinence, with extremely uncomfortable urinary symptoms which impair their quality of life. A total of 65 women were randomized, of whom 57 completed treatment. Three groups were formed: the perineal exercises group, the TPTNS group and the control group, which used oxybutynin. The exercises were performed in groups, in the standing, supine and sitting positions, twice a week in 30-minute sessions, totaling 12 sessions. In the TPTNS group, carried out with 10Hz frequency and 200 microsecond pulse width, a transcutaneous electrode was positioned on the patients' medial malleolus, and another was positioned 10cm above it. The patients of the control group received 10 mg/day doses of immediate release oxybutynin, divided into two 5mg/day doses for 12 consecutive weeks. Before and after the treatments, the patients' voiding diary was analyzed, their pelvic floor was functionally evaluated and they were asked to fill in an OAB-V8 quality of life questionnaire. Urge incontinence was reduced by 50%, 70.5% and 41% in the exercises, TPTNS and oxybutynin groups, respectively, and statistical significance was detected for stimulation only. The three treatment modalities were effective for improving quality of life in the short-term therapy, and were statistically similar to each other.

As repercussões causadas pela incontinência urinária na qualidade de vida do idoso / The urinary incontinence repercussions towards the elderly's life quality / La repercusión causados por incontinencia urinaria en calidad de vida de anciano

Objetivo: Analisar as repercussões causadas pela incontinência urinária na qualidade de vida dos idosos. Métodos: Pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa, composta por 12 idosos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas, em um ambulatório de urologia e ginecologia de um hospital público/escola de referência em Teresina. Os dados foram interpretados pela análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: Os depoimentos originaram duas categorias: sentimentos negativos dos idosos com incontinência urinária e aspectos sociais que interferem na qualidade de vida dos idosos com incontinência urinária. Conclusão: A incontinência urinária nos idosos é uma patologia pouco discutida nas consultas, a baixa escolaridade dos idosos influencia na demora em procurar o tratamento para a doença e esclarecimento da mesma. Há a necessidade de um olhar diferenciado por parte dos profissionais de saúde para os idosos acometidos com esta patologia

Objective: The study's aim has been to analyze the urinary incontinence repercussions towards the elderly's life quality. Methods: It is a descriptive-exploratory study with a qualitative approach, which was comprised by 12 participants from both genders. The research scenario was a urology and gynecology ambulatory from a large public hospital/school that performs procedures of high complexity and etiology in Teresina city, Piauí State. Data analysis occurred through the thematic content analysis. Results: The statements gave rise to two categories, as follows: the elderly's negative feelings related to urinary incontinence; and, the social aspects that impact in the quality of life of elderly people bearing urinary incontinence. Conclusion: The urinary incontinence in elderly people is a poorly discussed pathology during consultations. Furthermore, the elderly's low level of education ends up influencing them in realizing the necessity of looking for understanding and treatment about the disease. Conclusively, health professionals must have a different perspective with regards to the elderly people bearing this pathology

Objetivo: Analizar las repercusiones causadas por la incontinencia urinaria en la calidad de vida de los ancianos. Métodos: Investigación descriptiva y exploratoria, con abordaje cualitativo, compuesta por 12 ancianos. La recolección de datos fue realizada por medio de entrevistas, en un ambulatorio de urología y ginecología de un hospital público / escuela de referencia en Teresina. Los datos fueron interpretados por el análisis temático de contenido. Resultados: Los testimonios originaron dos categorías: sentimientos negativos de los ancianos con incontinencia urinaria y aspectos sociales que interfieren en la calidad de vida de los ancianos con incontinencia urinaria. Conclusión: La incontinencia urinaria en los ancianos es una patología poco discutida en las consultas, la baja escolaridad de los ancianos influye en la demora en buscar el tratamiento para la enfermedad y aclaración de la misma. Hay necesidad de una mirada diferenciada por parte de los profesionales de la salud para los ancianos afectados con esta patología

Incontinencia urinaria en el adulto mayor / Urinary incontinence in the elderly

RESUMEN Antecedentes: La incontinencia urinaria (IU) corresponde a la pérdida involuntaria de orina. En la medida en que la población envejece, aumenta su prevalencia y severidad. Objetivo: Describir el impacto de la incontinencia de orina en la población adulto mayor, así como conocer su fisiopatología e implicancias en la calidad de vida. Método: Revisión de la literatura disponible en PubMed, Embase y Medline utilizando los términos "urinary incontinence" y "elderly" entre los años 1990 y 2018. Resultados: La IU en el adulto mayor impacta negativamente en la calidad de vida de esta población, teniendo una multiplicidad de causas subyacentes que implican un tratamiento integral y multidisciplinario de esta patología. Conclusión: Dado el incremento de la edad en la población, conocer y manejar esta patología es importante para el clínico y el especialista para que de esta forma mejore la calidad de vida en este grupo etario.

ABSTRACT Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is the involuntary loss of urine. The prevalence and severity of this condition increase as population ages. Objective: To describe the impact urinary incontinence in the elderly population, as well as to know its pathophysiology and implications in the quality of life. Method: Review of the literature available in PubMed, Embase and Medline using the keywords "urinary incontinence" and "elderly" between 1990 and 2018. Results: UI in the elderly has a negative impact on their quality of life, having a multiplicity of underlying causes that imply a comprehensive and multidisciplinary treatment of this pathology. Conclusion: Given the age increase in general population, knowing and managing this pathology is important for the clinician and the specialist to improve the quality of life in this age group.

Avaliação urodinâmica em idosas com incontinência urinaria: um relato de experiência a partir da consulta de enfermagem / Urodynamic evaluation in elderly women with urinary incontinence: a report of experience from the nursing consultation

Importância da consulta de enfermagem a mulheres idosas com incontinência urinaria em avaliação urodinâmica, proporcionando uma melhor compreensão do perfil clinico destas pacientes, desenvolvendo um cuidado assistencial sistemático dinâmico e adequado ao ambiente do exame em que a mulher idosa está inserida. Nesta experiência, valorizou-se o acolhimento, a acessibilidade à informação, conhecimento prévio ao exame e o cuidado empoderador, envolvendo a paciente em uma participação ativa nas ações de cuidados realizados, minimizando-se a ansiedade e o medo pela realização do exame EUD. Enfatiza-se a importância de novas pesquisas nessa área com vistas a contribuir para a visibilidade da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem para valorização do enfermeiro e de seu papel na compreensão de necessidades de saúde a serem atendidas por meio do planejamento de intervenções de enfermagem

Construção de instrumento para consulta de enfermagem à idosa com incontinência urinária de um serviço ambulatorial / Construction of an instrument for nursing consultation for older women with urinary incontinence of an outpatient service

A presente proposta decorre de uma pesquisa que tem como objetivo construir um instrumento para consulta de Enfermagem a idosa com incontinência urinária assistida em um serviço ambulatorial. Essa pesquisa foi motivada pela necessidade de uma ferramenta que facilite o registro da prática profissional, evidenciando desta forma a contribuição da enfermagem no cuidar da paciente com incontinência urinaria. Acredita-se que a elaboração do instrumento pode fomentar futuras investigações e ser utilizado na prática assistencial em caráter experimental, bem como agregar conhecimento acerca da documentação profissional, evidenciando a Enfermagem enquanto profissão e ciência

Long-term results of the implantation of the AMS 800 artificial sphincter for post-prostatectomy incontinence: a single-center experience

ABSTRACT Objectives Report the long-term outcomes of the AMS 800 artificial sphincer (AS) for the treatment post-prostatectomy incontinence (PPI) in a single center in Brazil. Materials and Methods Clinical data from patients who underwent the procedure were retrieved from the medical records of individuals with more than 1 year of follow-up from May 2001 to January 2016. Continence status (number of pads that was used), complications (erosion or extrusion, urethral atrophy, and infection), malfunctions, and need for secondary implantation were evaluated. The relationship between complications and prior or subsequent radiation therapy (RT) was also examined. Results From May 2001 to January 2016, 121 consecutive patients underwent AS implantation for PPI at an oncological referral center in Brazil. At the last visit, the AS remained implanted in 106 patients (87.6%), who reported adequate continence status (maximum of 1 pad/day). Eight-two subjects (67.8%) claimed not to be using pads on a regular basis at the final visit (completely dry). Revision occurred in 24 patients (19.8%). Radiation therapy (RT) for prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy was used in 47 patients before or after AS placement. Twelve patients with a history of RT had urethral erosion compared with 3 men without RT (p=0.004). Conclusion Considering our outcomes, we conclude that AS implantation yields satisfactory results for the treatment of PPI and should remain the standard procedure for these patients. Radiation therapy is a risk factor for complication.

What do Cochrane systematic reviews say about non-surgical interventions for urinary incontinence in women?

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence is a highly prevalent condition that impacts self-esteem and overall quality of life. Many non-surgical treatment options are available, ranging from pharmacological approaches to pelvic exercises. We aimed to summarize the available evidence regarding these non-surgical interventions. DESIGN AND SETTING: Review of systematic reviews, conducted in the Discipline of Evidence-Based Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP). METHODS: A sensitive search was conducted to identify all Cochrane systematic reviews that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Titles and abstracts were screened by two authors. RESULTS: We included 20 Cochrane systematic reviews: 4 assessing methods of vesical training, 3 evaluating pharmacological interventions, 4 studying pelvic floor muscle training approaches and 9 aimed at other alternatives (such as urethral injections, weighted vaginal cone use, acupuncture, biostimulation and radiofrequency therapy). The reviews found that the evidence regarding the benefits of these diverse interventions ranged in quality from low to high. CONCLUSIONS: This review included 20 Cochrane systematic reviews that provided evidence (of diverse quality) for non-pharmacological interventions for patients with urinary incontinence. Moderate to high quality of evidence was found favoring the use of pelvic floor muscle training among women with urinary incontinence. To establish solid conclusions for all the other comparisons, further studies of good methodological quality are needed.

Fortalecimiento de la musculatura del piso pélvico en gestantes en control en un centro de salud familiar: un estudio experimental / Strengthening of the pelvic floor muscles in control pregnant women in a family health center: an experimental study

ANTECEDENTES: Aunque la presencia de disfunciones del piso pélvico es más prevalente en mujeres adultas de avanzada edad, durante el embarazo o post parto se puede presentar incontinencia urinaria (IU), siendo la de esfuerzo (IUE) la más común en este período. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto del entrenamiento de la musculatura del piso pélvico (EMPP) en gestantes controladas en el Centro de Salud Familiar de la comuna de Yerbas Buenas, durante el año 2016. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio piloto cuasi-experimental en gestantes entre 20 y 40 anos, atendidas en Atención Primaria de Salud. Muestra piloto: 20 gestantes (20 a 28 semanas de gestación). Se les evaluó la fuerza de la musculatura pélvica (FMP) mediante Escala de Oxford Modificada al inicio y luego de 8 semanas de EMPP, además se midieron las características socio-bio-demográficas, antecedentes mórbidos y obstétricos, hábitos y la sintomatología urinaria, lo que fue medido utilizando el International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form (ICIQ-SF). RESULTADOS: El 50% de las gestantes refirió IU durante el embarazo, siendo en el 95% IUE. No se relacionó la paridad, tipo de parto y EN con menor FMP. El EMPP mejoró significativamente la FMP de las gestantes (p<0,05) CONCLUSIONES: La IUE fue la DPP más prevalente en las gestantes. Es posible mejorar la FMP en gestantes con el EMPP, por tanto, se debería considerar su incorporación a las prestaciones del sistema público de salud como una acción de promoción de la salud sexual y reproductiva, ya que es una intervención de bajo costo y baja complejidad.

BACKGROUND: Although pelvic floor dysfunctions are more prevalent in older adult women, urinary incontinence may be present during pregnancy or postpartum, with stress incontinence (SUI) being the most common in this period. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of pelvic floor muscle training on pregnant women attended in a family health center in Yerbas Buenas, Chile, in 2016. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Pilot quasi-experimental study in pregnant women, aged between 20 and 40, attending a primary health care center. Pilot sample: 20 pregnant women (20 to 28 weeks). Pelvic muscle strength was assessed by Modified Oxford Scale at the beginning of the study and then after 8 weeks of exercising. Socio-and bio-demographic characteristics, morbidity and obstetric history, habits, and urinary symptoms were assessed using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form (ICIQ-SF). RESULTS: 50% of the women presented urinary incontinence during pregnancy, with 95% of them suffering from stress incontinence. Parity, type of delivery and nutritional status did not relate to lower pelvic musculature strength. Pelvic floor muscle training significantly improved the women's pelvic muscle strength (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Stress urinary incontinence was the most prevalent pelvic floor dysfunction in pregnant women. It is possible to improve pelvic muscle strength in pregnant women through pelvic floor muscle training; therefore, their inclusion into the public health system should be considered as an action to promote sexual and reproductive health, since it is a low-cost and low-complexity intervention.

La integración en la transversalidad del compartimento posterior del suelo pélvico en el Hospital Universitario Comandante Manuel Fajardo (2013- 2015) / Posterior compartment of the pelvic floor and its integration in cross-sectional approach in Comandante Manuel Fajardo Hospital (2013-2015)

Introducción: las afecciones del suelo pélvico tienen alta prevalencia y su estudio debe ser realizado con enfoque transversal para proveer al paciente el tratamiento adecuado. Objetivo: describir las características clínicas de enfermedades del compartimento posterior con diagnóstico basado en enfoque transversal. Método: estudio descriptivo, transversal en pacientes atendidos en la consulta de Coloproctología en el Hospital Universitario Comandante Manuel Fajardo, desde septiembre 2013 hasta mayo 2015. El universo estuvo constituido por 67 pacientes. Fueron calculadas frecuencias y porcentajes para las variables cualitativas e intervalos de edad, y estadísticos descriptivos de la edad. Resultados: la mayoría de los pacientes fueron ≤ 45 años, con predominio de la tercera edad (43,3 por ciento). Las mujeres constituyeron la mayoría del grupo (80,6 por ciento). Los antecedentes de riesgo más frecuentes fueron los relacionados con la historia obstétrica, fundamentalmente la multiparidad (83,3 por ciento). La forma de presentación más frecuente fue la incontinencia anal. Predominó la afectación exclusiva del compartimento posterior (59,7 por ciento). La afectación bicompartimental predominante fue la anterior y posterior, determinada en su mayoría por incompetencia dual (única afección en 17,9 por ciento). No se detectó afectación tricompartimental. Conclusiones: las afecciones del compartimento posterior se asociaron en alta proporción a enfermedades de otros compartimentos del suelo pélvico, lo que ratifica la importancia del enfoque transversal(AU)

Introduction: pelvic floor illnesses have high prevalence and their study must be conducted with a cross-sectional approach to provide the patient with adequate treatment. Objectives: to describe the clinical characteristics of the posterior compartment illnesses by using cross-sectional approach-based diagnoses in patients seen at the coloproctology service of Manuel Fajardo university hospital from September 2013 to May 2015. Method: descriptive and cross-sectional study. The universe of study was 67 patients. Frequencies and percentages for qualitative variables and age intervals as well as summary statistics for age were all calculated. Results: many patients were 45 years and over, being the older age predominant (43.3 percent). Women were the majority in the group (80.6 percent). The most frequent risk antecedents were those related to obstetric history, mainly multiparity (83.3 percent). The most common form of presentation was anal incontinence. Single affection of the posterior compartment (59.7 percent) prevailed. The predominant bi-compartmental affection was the anterior and posterior one, mainly determined by dual incontinence (single affection in 17.9 percent of cases). Tricompartmental affection was not detected. Conclusions: the posterior compartment affections were greatly associated to diseases in other pelvic floor compartments, which supports the importance of using the cross-sectional approach(AU)

Programa de reabilitação do assoalho pélvico: relato de 10 anos de experiência / Programa de rehabilitación del piso pélvico: relato de 10 años de experiencia / Pelvic floor rehabilitation program: report of 10 years of experience

RESUMO Objetivo: relatar a criação, experiência de implantação e atendimento realizado no Programa de Reabilitação do Assoalho Pélvico (PRAP), um projeto da Faculdade de Enfermagem da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), desenvolvido em um centro de saúde de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. Resultados: este Programa surgiu devido à elevada demanda de pacientes com incontinência urinária (IU) e necessidade de formação ou capacitação de profissionais para atender esta clientela e multiplicar as ações em outras unidades de saúde. Atualmente o PRAP encontra-se em seu décimo ano de funcionamento, tendo, até o momento, atendido 102 pacientes com IU e outras disfunções do assoalho pélvico e do trato urinário inferior, formado 480 alunos, capacitado oito profissionais de saúde e estimulado pesquisas. Conclusão: as atividades preventivas e de reabilitação do assoalho pélvico constituem-se áreas de importante atuação do enfermeiro e iniciativas como a relatada contribuem para a formação profissional e prática baseada em evidências.

RESUMEN Objetivo: relatar la creación, experiencia de implantación y atendimiento realizado en el Programa de Rehabilitación del Piso Pélvico (en portugués, PRAP1), un proyecto de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), desarrollado en un centro de salud de Campinas, San Pablo, Brasil. Resultados: este Programa surgió debido a la elevada demanda de pacientes que sufren de incontinencia urinaria (IU) y necesidad de formación o capacitación de profesionales para atender a esta clientela y multiplicar las acciones en otras unidades de salud. Actualmente el PRAP está en su décimo año de funcionamiento, y ha atendido, hasta este momento, a 102 pacientes con IU y otras disfunciones del suelo pélvico y del tracto urinario inferior, además de haber formado 480 alumnos, capacitado ocho profesionales de la salud y estimulado investigaciones. Conclusión: las actividades preventivas y de rehabilitación del piso pélvico constituyen áreas de importante actuación del enfermero e iniciativas como la relatada, y contribuyen para la formación profesional y práctica basada en evidencias.

ABSTRACT Objective: to relate the creation, experience of establishment and service performed in the Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation Program [(PRAP)], a project of the School of Nursing of University of Campinas (UNICAMP), developed at a health unity in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Results: this Program appeared due to the high demand of patients with urinary incontinence (UI) and need of formation or qualification of professionals to serve those customers and multiply the actions at other health unities. Nowadays, the PRAP is in its tenth year, and it has served 102 patients with UI and other dysfunctions of the pelvic floor and lower urinary tract, qualified 480 health professionals and stimulated researches. Conclusion: the preventive actions of pelvic floor rehabilitation are important areas of the nurse’s performance and initiatives as the related ones contribute for the professional formation and practice based on evidences.

Female urinary incontinence and sexuality

ABSTRACT Urinary incontinence is a common problem among women and it is estimated that between 15 and 55% of them complain of lower urinary symptoms. The most prevalent form of urinary incontinence is associated with stress, followed by mixed urinary incontinence and urge urinary incontinence. It is a symptom with several effects on quality of life of women mainly in their social, familiar and sexual domains. Female reproductive and urinary systems share anatomical structures, which promotes that urinary problems interfere with sexual function in females. This article is a review of both the concepts of female urinary incontinence and its impact on global and sexual quality of life. Nowadays, it is assumed that urinary incontinence, especially urge urinary incontinence, promotes anxiety and several self-esteem damages in women. The odour and the fear of incontinence during sexual intercourse affect female sexual function and this is related with the unpredictability and the chronicity of incontinence, namely urge urinary incontinence. Female urinary incontinence management involves conservative (pelvic floor muscle training), surgical and pharmacological treatment. Both conservative and surgical treatments have been studied about its benefit in urinary incontinence and also the impact among female sexual function. Unfortunately, there are sparse articles that evaluate the benefits of female sexual function with drug management of incontinence.

Incontinência urinária: uma breve revisão da literatura / Urinary incontinence: a brief review of the literature

Objetivos: A incontinência urinária é caracterizada por qualquer perda involuntária de urina, e pode ser classificada em diferentes tipos, conforme a Sociedade Internacional de Continência. É um problema que atinge um percentual alto da população, tanto entre homens quanto mulheres, de idades distintas. O impacto que a condição causa nos pacientes vai muito além das questões de saúde e higiene, comprometendo o âmbito social, pessoal e emocional ­ o que prejudica em grande escala a qualidade de vida.O diagnóstico pode ser difícil, uma vez que as pessoas atingidas não costumam levar em consideração os sintomas, o que raramente é expressado como queixa no consultório. Por isso, é fundamental falar sobre a incontinência urinária. Métodos: O que o presente estudo pretende fazer é elucidar questões a este respeito, principalmente sob a perspectiva do tratamento cirúrgico da patologia, através de revisão de literatura especializada. Resultados: A investigação diagnóstica da IU baseia-se em anamnese, exame físico e exames complementares. Como possibilidades terapêuticas encontram-se a abordagem conservadora e o tratamento cirúrgico. Conclusões: O diagnóstico preciso da incontinência urinária é a chave para conduzir ao tratamento adequado e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.

Aims: The urinary incontinence is characterized as any involuntary loss of urine, and it's classified by International Continence Society (ICS) according to its different types. It's a problem that affects a high percentage of population, among men and women, of different ages. The impact that the condition causes goes beyond health and hygiene issues, compromising people's social, personal and emotional spheres ­ which can largely disturb life quality. The diagnoses may be difficult, due to the fact that people who suffer from the disease don't usually consider the symptoms that are often neglected in doctors' appointments. That's the reason why it's so important to talk about urinary incontinence. Methods: This paper intends to do is bring this subject to light, mainly under the disease's surgical treatment point of view, through specialized literature review Results: The UI investigation is based on anamnesis, physical exam and complementary exams. For the treatment, conservative and surgicaltherapyare viable options. Conclusions: A precise diagnosis is the key to bring to the patients appropriate treatment and enhance their life quality.

Treinamento resistido para manutenção da continência urinária após tratamento fisioterapêutico em mulheres na terceira idade: um estudo-piloto / Resistance training to maintain urinary continence after physical therapy in older women: a pilot study / Entrenamiento de resistencia para mantener la continencia urinaria después de la terapia física en mujeres mayores: un studio-piloto

Objetiva-se analisar o treinamento resistido para manutenção dos resultados obtidos na fisioterapia em idosas com incontinência urinária. Como método, utilizou-se ficha diagnóstica, Pad Test, Bateria de Testes de Aptidão Física para Idosos, avaliação antropométrica e avaliação do assoalho pélvico (PERFECT). Os resultados mostram: manutenção da continência, manutenção ou melhora nos itens do PERFECT, melhora das aptidões físicas e das dimensões corporais. Como conclusão: o treinamento resistido pode minimizar a recidiva da incontinência após a reabilitação.

Aim: analyze the resistance training for maintenance of the results with physical therapy in older women with urinary incontinence. Method: used to a diagnostic record, Pad Test, Test Battery Physical Fitness for the Elderly, anthropometric and evaluation of the pelvic floor (PERFECT). Results: maintenance of continence, maintenance or improvement in PERFECT items, improved physical fitness and body dimensions. Conclusion: resistance training can minimize the recurrence of incontinence after rehabilitation.

Objetivo: analizar el entrenamiento de resistencia para el mantenimiento de los resultados con fisioterapia en mujeres mayores con incontinencia urinaria. Método: se utilizó ficha diagnóstica, Pad Test, Batería de Pruebas de Aptitud Física para Ancianos, evaluación antropométrica y evaluación del piso pélvico. Resultados: mantenimiento de la continencia, mantenimiento o mejora de los elementos PERFECT, mejora de la condición física y dimensiones del cuerpo. Conclusión: el entrenamiento resistido puede minimizar la recurrencia de la incontinencia después de la rehabilitación.

Sensibilidad al cambio de la versión español-chileno del cuestionario International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form (ICIQ-SF) para incontinencia urinaria femenina / Responsiveness of the chilean version of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form (ICIQ-SF)

Background: A symptom questionnaire must be able to detect minimal changes after treatment to be clinically useful. Aim: To evaluate the responsiveness of the Spanish-Chilean version of the ICIQ-SF questionnaire after medical and surgical procedures for the treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) in women consulting at a public Chilean Hospital. Material and Methods: Data of 124 women aged 59 ± 10 years who were treated for UI and in whom ICIQ-SF questionnaire was applied in two opportunities (before and after medical or surgical treatment), was analyzed. The sign test for paired samples was used to compare the response of each item of the questionnaire. Responsiveness of the total severity score for UI was assessed by changes of slopes estimated by Generalized Estimating Equations. Slopes of change for every type of treatment were also compared. Results: Sixty two percent of the women underwent surgical treatment. The slope of the total severity score for medical treatment was -4.4 (p-value < 0.001 for change) and 12.6 (p-value < 0.001 for change) for surgical treatment. Changes in surgical treatment were significantly higher than those of medical treatment (p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: The Spanish-Chilean version of the ICIQ-SF questionnaire was able to detect changes as a result of surgical and medical treatment for urinary incontinence in the study population, fulfilling the validity of responsiveness criterion.

Incontinência urinária na paralisia cerebral: eficácia da TENS no nervo tibial posterior em mulheres adultas / Urinary incontinence in cerebral palsy: efficacy os TENS in the posterior tibial nerve in adult women

Introdução: A Paralisia Cerebral (PC) pode estar associada á incontinência urinária (IU), que pode ser decorrente de alterações neurológicas. Objetivo: Avaliar eficácia da eletroestimulação transcutânea (TENS) do nervo tibial posterior na qualidade de vida de mulheres com IU e PC. Método: Relato de caso co m duas mulheres (28 e 36 anos). Avaliado o tipo de disfunção urinária e questionário King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ). Realizadas 20 sessões de eletroestimulação com frequência de 60 Hz, largura de pulso 200 µs, frequência da corrente de 01 Hz. A intensidade foi estabelecida de acordo com cada paciente. Resultados: Ambas diminuíram o número de idas ao banheiro e trocas dos forros. No KHQ, a paciente 1 melhorou nos domínios impacto da incontinência, limitação das tarefas, limitação física/social e medidas de segurança. Já a paciente 2, nos domínios limitações das tarefas, relações pessoais e sono/energia. Conclusão: A TENS melhorou a qualidade de vida destas mulheres.

Introduction: Cerebral Palsy (CP) may be associated with urinary incontinence (UI), which may be due to neurological disorders. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS) of the posterior tibial nerve in women's quality of life with UI and CP. Method: Case report with two women (28 and 36 years). We evaluated the type of urinary dysfunction and King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ). We held 20 sessions of electrostimulation with a frequency of 60 Hz, pulse width 200µs, frequency of 01 Hz current. The intensity was set according to each patient. Results: Both reduced the number of bathroom visits and exchanges of liners. In KHQ, the patient 1 improved in domains: impact of incontinence, limitation of tasks, physical / social limitation and security measures. Patient 2, in the domains of tasks limitations, personal relationships and sleep / energy. Conclusion: TENS improved the quality of life of these women.